CFD Modeling and Optimization of Fuel Cell Systems

Investigators: C.Y. Wang , Dr. Z. H. Wang and Sukkee Um
Sponsors: Sandia National Laboratories, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Penn State

This project is to develop mathematical models and computational fluid dynamics codes for predicting and optimizing hydrogen and direct-methanol polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell stacks.

Comparison with single-cell experiments

Two-phase flow and transport processes in PEM fuel cell

Project Objective

To develop a comprehensive multi-physics model of PEM fuel cell systems for device design and performance optimization.

Technical Approach

Develop a multi-D, transient modeling framework for electrochemical kinetics, two-phase flow, multi-component transport, current distribution, and heat transfer.
Develop various single-cell and stack experimental setups to validate CFD-based fuel cell models.

Major Accomplishments

Developed a 2-D, transient model for coupled electrochemistry, fluid dynamics and mass transport in PEM fuel cells.
Provided experimental validation for hydrogen fuel cells.
Defined two-phase regimes and developed a two-phase flow model for the PEMFC air cathode.
Initiated experimental effort of validating a CFD model for direct-methanol fuel cells.
Performed an experimental and numerical study of heat transfer in fuel cell stacks.

Simulated flowfield, reactant and product conc. contours

Fuel cell stack engineering